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Story tells that when the war against the Cuexteca people started in times of Moctezuma Ilhuicamina, captains told their armies that hey should carry a flag of each neighborhood, tall with the weapons of each town so they could be differentiated from the enemy and everyone could follow. The standard bearer held the flag tied to its back and did not bother him while fighting. Such flags were similar to the Roman “SIGNUM”, they had eight feet high poles on which they placed weapons or insignia from the state, made in gold, feathers and other precious materials; every Calpulli had their flag.
"The Tlaxcaltecas had in their flag an eagle with open wings; the flag of Ocotelolco had a green bird standing in a rock, the one from Tizapán, a white heron over a small hill, the one from Tepicpac a fierce wolf with arrows in its claws and the one from Quiahuitztlan, a parasol with green feathers ".
Mexica Flag Bearers
The Atzacoalco flag was a type of golden yellow-feathered parasol carried by the army general. The flag of Cuepopan was formed by three joined white flags, atzapámitl, with Quetzal crests property of the Tlacohcalcatl. The others are flags of Moyotla and Zoquiapan.
Flag of the Conquest
Hernán Cortés adopted as a flag the image of a Virgin Mary. On August 13, 2521 the fall of Tenochtitlán is consummated, the conquest of Mexico and on August 13, 1528, Cortés orders the so-called Paseo del Perdón, a civic-religious ceremony that became official by the Royal Warrant on August 13, 1530 calling this flag the “Pendón del Paseo”.
Colors: first square: golden yellow, next square inside: red, details surrounding the Virgin: pale blue, Dress: navy blue, Crown and stripes: golden yellow.
Colors: Canvas: pale blue, Virgin outline: golden yellow, Cape: green, Dress: pale brown, Angel: golden yellow, Stripes next to the angle: three colors.
New Spain Flag
On the 17 century, in the vice regal era a flag with a rectangular brown silk square and a San Andres cross crossing the square with the arms ending in Mexico City’s coat of arms. This flag was used up to August 24, 1821, date of the Córdoba treaties in Veracruz; where the Independence of Mexico is recognized. It is kept in the National Museum.
Colors: Brown rectangle, purple cross, and golden yellow coats of arms.
Hidalgo Flag
On the first hours of September 16, 1810, Hidalgo gives the Dolores Call and starts to fight followed by people thirsty for freedom and passing through the town of Atotonilco el Grande, he takes the flag of the Virgin of Guadalupe and adopts it as a symbol of the spiritual union of the Mexican people.
Flag of Morelos
Since August 19, 1812, in Zitácuaro, Michoacán, Morelos makes his flag including for the first time the profiled eagle over a cactus resting on a three arch bridge with the letters VVM meaning Viva the Virgin Mary with a pale blue background and in the center a white rectangle in a rectangular silk canvas.
Coloes: The surrounding squares are white and pale blue, the inside rectangle white and the eagle brown and a purple bridge.
Insurgentes’ Flag
The Insurgentes used a different flag before the one of Iguala, with three colors: white, blue and red. Ships that traveled between the coasts of Mexico and the United States of America showed it.
Flag of the Trigarante Army
With the last battles the Independence consolidated itself and with the Acatempan hug (February 24, 1821) between Generals Vicente Guerrero and Agustín de y Iturbide as leaders of the Insurgente and Realista armies, respectively, it is job of tailor D. José Magdalena Ocampo making the Three Guarantee flag symbolizing: Religion, Independence and Union; principles proclaimed by Iturbide in its Plan of Iguala.
This flag is formed by three diagonal stripes with colors: white symbol of Religion, green symbol of the Political Independence of Mexico and red symbol of the union of Indians, mestizo, creoles and Spanish living in the national territory; each stripe has a star with golden threads embroider.
Iturbide’s Empire Flag
The original Iguala flag was modified by Mr. Agustín de Iturbide, the diagonal stripes were placed vertically, passing the white to the center, the green to the left and the red to the right, in the center of the white stripe the eagle in a ¾ position profile and with a imperial crown on its head and both wings picked but no snake on the beak and camping inside a monarchic coat of arms. (November 2 1821 to April 11, 1823).
Republican Flag
On April 14, 1823 the Republican flag is created with its three colors: green, white and red, the eagle in profile and at the center with no imperial crown.
Flag of the Active San Blas Battalion
As an homage to the glorious way in which the Hero Children defended our territory from the American intervention in 1847, the San Blas Battalion headed by Coronel Felipe Xicoténcatl defended the forts established at the entrance of the Chapultepec Forrest (August 13, 1847), creating a flag with the following colors: green, white and red, the eagle facing forward with a snake on its beak and no cactus or laurels.
Flag of the Era of Porfirio Díaz
In 1893, Don Porfirio Díaz modifies the flag, with official character; he removed any type of monarchic sign and placed the eagle facing forward with the snake on the beak and the cactus on the interior with laurels. Colors: green, white and red, and the eagle in the white stripe.
Flag of Don Francisco I. Madero
Don Francisco I. Madero as President and when he was in the Chapultepec Castle, he receives the news that Generals Bernardo Reyes and Félix Díaz had incited a revolt. Madero takes the three-colored flag and followed by cadets of the Military School he goes towards Palacio Nacional to fight the rebellion and defend the legal principles of the Constitution.
Remembering this fact, years later the face of Madero was placed in the flag and today is kept in the National History Museum. Its colors: green, white and red: and on the white stripe the face of Madero.
Current Flag
By decree, on November 20, 1916, Don Venustiano Carranza as President reestablished the eagle position to a profile requesting the drawing to the artist from Michoacán Don Antonio Gómez, it was hoisted for the first time in Palacio Nacional on September 15, 1917. Its colors are: green, white and red, on the white stripe in the center the eagle in profile with the wings risen towards the head standing on a cactus with a snake in its peak and a laurel branch. It is currently used in every national celebration.
A last note, during the government of President Luis Echeverría Álvarez our flag had a slight modification, where the eagle instead of looking at the enemy is raising its head.
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